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抗原免疫原性的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)是特定的免疫細(xì)胞，使免疫細(xì)胞活化、增殖、分化，最終產(chǎn)生免疫效應(yīng)物質(zhì)抗體和致敏淋巴細(xì)胞。

抗原是指能刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生特異性免疫應(yīng)答，并與免疫應(yīng)答產(chǎn)物抗體和致敏淋巴細(xì)胞結(jié)合，發(fā)生免疫效應(yīng)的物質(zhì)。抗原具有免疫原性和和抗原性兩個(gè)特性?？乖蓙?lái)自外界及自身，機(jī)體免疫細(xì)胞識(shí)別的抗原通常是蛋白質(zhì)，也可識(shí)別多糖和核酸等。

抗原還具備三個(gè)基本性質(zhì)，一是異物性，指抗原對(duì)于機(jī)體來(lái)說(shuō)是異己物質(zhì)，包括異種抗原、同種異型抗原、自身抗原和異嗜性抗原；二是大分子性，指抗原的本質(zhì)通常是大分子物質(zhì)，且一般來(lái)說(shuō)分子量越大，抗原性就越強(qiáng)，因此引起強(qiáng)烈免疫應(yīng)答的抗原絕大多數(shù)都是蛋白質(zhì)；三是特異性，指一種抗原只能與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的免疫應(yīng)答產(chǎn)物發(fā)生結(jié)合。

The material basis of antigen immunogenicity is specific immune cells, which activate, proliferate and differentiate immune cells, and finally produce immune effector antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes.

Antigen refers to the substance that can stimulate the body to produce specific immune response and combine with immune response product antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes to produce immune effect. Antigen has two characteristics: immunogenicity and antigenicity. Antigens can come from the outside and themselves. The antigens recognized by immune cells are usually proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids.

Antigen also has three basic properties: one is foreign body, which means that antigen is alien to the body, including heterogeneous antigen, allogeneic antigen, autoantigen and heterophilic antigen; The second is macromolecular, which means that the essence of antigen is usually macromolecular material, and generally speaking, the greater the molecular weight, the stronger the antigenicity. Therefore, most of the antigens causing strong immune response are proteins; The third is specificity, which means that an antigen can only bind to its corresponding immune response products.