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病原體和抗原的關(guān)系
2020-03-05 14:56
1、病原體（pathogens）指可造成人或動植物感染疾病的微生物（包括細菌、病毒、立克次氏體、真菌）、寄生蟲或其他媒介（微生物重組體包括雜交體或突變體）。
2、抗原（antigen，縮寫Ag）是指能引起抗體生成的物質(zhì)。它為任何可誘發(fā)免疫反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)。外來分子可經(jīng)過B細胞上免疫球蛋白的辨識或經(jīng)抗原呈現(xiàn)細胞的處理并與主要組織相容性復(fù)合體結(jié)合成復(fù)合物再活化T細胞，引發(fā)連續(xù)的免疫反應(yīng)。
3、疫苗是指用各類病原微生物制作的用于預(yù)防接種的生物制品。其中用細菌或螺旋體制作的疫苗亦稱為菌苗。疫苗分為活疫苗和死疫苗兩種。常用的活疫苗有卡介苗，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎疫苗、麻疹疫苗、鼠疫菌苗等。常用的死疫苗有百日咳菌苗、傷寒菌苗、流腦菌苗、霍亂菌苗等。
1. Pathogens are microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses, Rickettsia, fungi) , parasites, or other vectors (recombinant microorganisms including hybrids or mutants) that cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. 2. Antigen (AG) is a substance that causes the production of antibodies. It is any substance that can induce an immune response. Foreign Molecules can be identified by immunoglobulins on B cells or treated with Antigen-presenting cell and bound to Major histocompatibility complex to reactivate t cells, triggering a continuous immune response. 3. A vaccine is a biological product made from a variety of pathogenic microorganisms for vaccination. Vaccines made from bacteria or spirochetes are also called bacterials. There are two kinds of vaccines, live and dead. Common live vaccines include BCG, Polio vaccine, measles, and Yersinia pestis. Common Dead Vaccine Pertussis Vaccine, typhoid vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, cholera vaccine and so on.
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