新聞中心
緊跟行業(yè)步伐，共享前沿資訊
industry
news
行業(yè)新聞
HIV感染的臨床分期
2019-10-17 20:09
臨床上主要將其分為三期，分別是急性期、無癥狀期和艾滋病期。
1. 急性期
這種急性感染通常發(fā)生在初次接觸HIV后2～4周左右。在此期間，HIV大量復(fù)制而CD4細胞急劇下降，使得大約50～70%的感染者出現(xiàn)類似感冒的癥狀如發(fā)熱、咽痛、頭痛、皮疹、肌肉關(guān)節(jié)痛、淋巴結(jié)腫大等。多數(shù)癥狀輕微，持續(xù)1-3周可緩解。此外，HIV在進入體內(nèi)5天左右即可于外周血中檢測出病毒成分，如HIV-RNA和P24抗原，而抗體則在感染后數(shù)周才出現(xiàn)。
另外，約9%的病人可出現(xiàn)急性HIV腦膜炎，臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、頭痛、嘔吐及腦膜刺激征，腦脊液檢查中單核細胞增多、蛋白含量增高。
2. 無癥狀期
本期可由原發(fā)HIV感染或急性感染癥狀消失后延伸而來。臨床上沒有任何癥狀，但血清中能檢出HIV以及HIV核心蛋白和包膜蛋白的抗體，具有傳染性。此期的長短與感染病毒的數(shù)量、型別，感染途徑，機體免疫狀況等多種因素有關(guān)，每個個體的病程進展有所不同，其持續(xù)時間一般為6-8年。一般認為經(jīng)血途徑感染者此期較短(數(shù)個月至5年，平均2年)，而性途徑感染者較長(6～12年，平均8年)
Clinically, it is mainly divided into three phases, namely acute, asymptomatic and AIDS.
1. Acute period
This acute infection usually occurs about 2 to 4 weeks after the first exposure to HIV. During this period, HIV was replicated in large numbers and CD4 cells dropped sharply, causing about 50 to 70 % of infected people to develop cold symptoms such as fever, pharyngeal pain, headache, rash, muscle joint pain, and lymph nodes. Most symptoms are mild and can be alleviated for 1-3 weeks. In addition, HIV can detect viral components such as HIV-RNA and P24 antigens in peripheral blood for about 5 days after entering the body, while antibodies appear only a few weeks after infection.
In addition, about 9 % of patients can develop acute HIV meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, and meningeal irritation. Mononuclear cells increase and protein content increases during cerebrospinal fluid examination.
2. Asymptomatic period
This period can be extended from the disappearance of primary HIV infection or acute infection symptoms. There are no clinical symptoms, but antibodies to HIV and HIV core proteins and envelope proteins can be detected in the serum and are contagious. The length of this period is related to many factors such as the number, type, route of infection, and immune status of the body. The progression of each individual is different, and its duration is generally 6-8 years. It is generally believed that the menstrual route infection is relatively short(several months to five years, an average of 2 years), while the sexual route infection is longer(6 to 12 years, an average of 8 years).
Clinically, it is mainly divided into three phases, namely acute, asymptomatic and AIDS.
1. Acute period
This acute infection usually occurs about 2 to 4 weeks after the first exposure to HIV. During this period, HIV was replicated in large numbers and CD4 cells dropped sharply, causing about 50 to 70 % of infected people to develop cold symptoms such as fever, pharyngeal pain, headache, rash, muscle joint pain, and lymph nodes. Most symptoms are mild and can be alleviated for 1-3 weeks. In addition, HIV can detect viral components such as HIV-RNA and P24 antigens in peripheral blood for about 5 days after entering the body, while antibodies appear only a few weeks after infection.
In addition, about 9 % of patients can develop acute HIV meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, and meningeal irritation. Mononuclear cells increase and protein content increases during cerebrospinal fluid examination.
2. Asymptomatic period
This period can be extended from the disappearance of primary HIV infection or acute infection symptoms. There are no clinical symptoms, but antibodies to HIV and HIV core proteins and envelope proteins can be detected in the serum and are contagious. The length of this period is related to many factors such as the number, type, route of infection, and immune status of the body. The progression of each individual is different, and its duration is generally 6-8 years. It is generally believed that the menstrual route infection is relatively short(several months to five years, an average of 2 years), while the sexual route infection is longer(6 to 12 years, an average of 8 years).