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巨細(xì)胞病毒（CMV）概述
CMV是一種雙鏈DNA病毒，屬β-皰疹病毒組。全球總體感染率為40%~100%。幾乎所有成年人都曾出現(xiàn)過CMV感染。
CMV感染患者和無癥狀的隱性感染者為傳染源。經(jīng)日常生活親密接觸（唾液、精液、尿液、乳液和子宮頸分泌物等）或血液傳播。
一旦感染則終生攜帶病毒，但CMV為機(jī)會致病病毒，感染后可有輕微非特異癥狀（發(fā)熱，乏力），之后一般呈潛伏感染狀態(tài)（非致病性）。在機(jī)體免疫功能紊亂時可出現(xiàn)CMV腦炎、CMV視網(wǎng)膜炎、CMV肺炎、CMV腸炎等。
An overview of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
CMV is a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the beta herpesvirus group. The global overall infection rate is 40%~100%. Almost all adults have been infected with CMV.
Patients with CMV infection and asymptomatic recessive infections are the source of infection. Through daily life intimate contact (saliva, semen, urine, latex and cervical secretions, etc.) or blood transmission.
Once infected, the virus is carried for a lifetime, but CMV is an opportunistic virus. After infection, there are slight nonspecific symptoms (fever, fatigue), and then the latent infection state (non pathogenic). In the body's immune dysfunction, CMV encephalitis, CMV retinitis, CMV pneumonia and CMV enteritis can occur.